Parental alienation takes place when a child aligns himself or herself to one parent and rejects a loving relationship with the other parent.  The rejection does not have any justification.  It is a campaign of denigration against a parent with no valid reasoning. According to Wikipedia Parent Alienation is, “The process, and result, of the psychological manipulation of a child into showing unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent and/or other family members.  It is a distinctive and widespread form of psychological abuse and family violence-towards both the child and the rejected parent -that occurs almost exclusively in association with family separation and divorce.  Most commonly, the primary cause is a parent wishing to exclude another parent from the life of their child, but other family members or friends, as well as professionals involved with the family (including psychologists, lawyers, and judges), may contribute significantly to the process.  It often leads to the long-term, or even permanent, the estrangement of a child from one parent and other family members and, as a particularly adverse childhood experience, results in significantly increased risks of both mental and physical illness for children.”